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Product Introduaction
Biomass energy is the form of energy stored in biomass as chemical energy from solar energy, meaning it is energy carried by biomass. This energy directly or indirectly comes from the photosynthesis of green plants and can be converted into conventional solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. It is inexhaustible and renewable, making it a renewable energy source and the only renewable carbon source.
The primary energy source of biomass energy is the sun, so in a broad sense, biomass energy is a form of solar energy. Currently, many countries are actively researching and developing the utilization of biomass energy. Biomass energy is stored in organic materials that can grow, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, and is derived from solar energy. All energy substances from living organisms, except for fossil fuels, are considered biomass energy. This typically includes wood and forest residues, agricultural waste, aquatic plants, oil-bearing plants, urban and industrial organic waste, and animal manure.
The biomass energy resources on Earth are abundant and harmless. Each year, 173 billion tons of material are produced through photosynthesis, containing energy equivalent to 10-20 times the total global energy consumption. However, the current utilization rate is less than 3%. Therefore, based on the existing biomass resources, researching new conversion technologies and developing new equipment are urgently needed for development, reducing emissions, protecting the environment, and implementing a sustainable development strategy.
Biomass Gasification
Principle of Biomass Gasification The principle of biomass gasification involves, under certain thermodynamic conditions and with the help of gasifying agents (such as air, oxygen, or steam), the thermolysis, oxidation, reduction, and reforming reactions of biomass polymers. The tar produced during thermolysis undergoes further thermal cracking or catalytic cracking into small molecular hydrocarbons, resulting in the production of gases such as CO, H2, and CH4.
Biomass Gasification Furnace
Based on this principle, biomass materials (such as firewood, sawdust, wheat straw, rice straw, etc.) are compressed into shapes or simply crushed and processed before being fed into a gasification furnace. Under low-oxygen conditions, they undergo gasification and cracking to produce combustible gas. Depending on the application, the produced gas may require purification to obtain high-quality product gas. Because biomass consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and inert ash, with high oxygen content and volatility, and strong coke activation, it has higher gasification activity compared to coal and is more suitable for gasification. Biomass gasification mainly includes the processes of gasification reactions, syngas catalytic conversion, and gas separation and purification (separation and purification are not needed for direct combustion).
Biomass Gas Parameters
Key parameters of biomass gasification:
Equivalence Ratio: The theoretical optimal equivalence ratio is 0.28. Due to variations in raw materials and gasification methods, the optimal equivalence ratio in actual operation is controlled between 0.2 and 0.28.
Gas Yield: The gas yield of a fluidized bed gasification furnace is approximately 1.9 to 2.3 Nm³/kg.
Gasification Efficiency: Biomass fuel has high gasification reactivity and efficiency, reaching over 90%.
Gas Calorific Value: The calorific value of the produced gas varies depending on the biomass feedstock. Refer to the "Biomass Gas Composition Analysis Table" for specific values.
Composition Table of Biomass Gas for Various Raw Materials:
| Fuel | H2% | Co2% | O2% | Ch4% | CO% | CnHm% | N2% | HgKJ/m³ |
| Corn Cobs | 20.0 | 13.0 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 17.0 | 0.2 | 46.6 | 5317.6 |
| Tea Shells | 13.01 | 7.9 | 2.2 | 3.75 | 22.4 | 0.2 | 50.59 | 5298.5 |
| Wood Chips | 13.76 | 10.5 | 0.4 | 4.04 | 23.4 | 1.0 | 46.9 | 6085.7 |
| Cotton Stalks | 11.5 | 11.6 | 1.5 | 1.92 | 22.7 | 0.2 | 50.58 | 4915.5 |
| Peanut Shells | 21.0 | 17.6 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 15.5 | 0.9 | 42.1 | 5819.4 |
Advantages of Biomass Energy
In addition to the general characteristics of biomass fuel, biomass gas also has the following advantages:
☆ Environmentally friendly and clean gas fuel.
☆ Good combustion characteristics with a high burnout rate.
☆ Extremely low sulfur content, approximately 1/20th of that in fuel oil, meeting environmental requirements without any desulfurization measures.
☆ Extremely low nitrogen content, meeting environmental requirements during combustion without any denitrification measures.
☆ Very low ash content in the gas.
☆ Strong economic viability, with biomass gas having more market space compared to the high prices of petrochemical raw materials.
☆ Strong support from national policies.
☆ "Zero" emissions: The CO2 emitted from biomass combustion is equal to the CO2 absorbed during its growth. Additionally, it replaces fossil fuels, reducing net emissions. According to the Kyoto Protocol mechanism, CO2 from biomass fuel is considered to have "zero" ecological emissions.
Gasification Equipment and Applications
Feeding-Reaction-Purification-Application, achieving fully automated control for easy use.
Compact and aesthetically pleasing structure, maintaining a clean on-site environment.
The produced biomass gas is clean and tar-free, with no negative impact on the furnace and exhaust system after combustion. Additionally, the combustion emissions meet environmental standards.
Equipped with explosion-proof devices, gas leakage alarm systems, and temperature deviation alarm systems, ensuring production safety and efficiency.
Tested by multiple collaborating enterprises, the gasification system is stable, durable, and energy-saving.
Gasification Raw Material
Utilization of Biomass Gas
The biomass gas generated by biomass gasification equipment can be directly used for power generation and heating.
Biomass gas can be used in standalone combined heat and power (CHP) systems, as well as for gas co-firing in large power plants.
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