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Environmental Trends and Requirements
In order to better promote sustainable development of the ecological environment, Chinese national standards as well as many provincial and municipal standards have stipulated emission standards for heating furnace flue gas. Moreover, environmental requirements are becoming increasingly stringent.
| Item | Unit | Document Huan-Da-Qi [2019] No. 35 | Beijing Local Standard DB13/2169-2018 | Tangshan |
| SO2 | mg/Nm³ | 50 | 50 | 30 |
| NOx | mg/Nm³ | 200 | 150 | 50 |
|
Dust and Particulate Matter
|
mg/Nm³ | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Reference Oxygen Content | % | 8 | 8 | 8 |
Targeted Solutions
For Nitrogen Oxides Treatment
--Conventional Heating Furnace
Our independently developed low-NOx burners, successfully deployed in multiple heating furnace projects, can effectively control nitrogen oxide emissions within 100-150 mg/Nm3 depending on specific project conditions.
--Regenerative Heating Furnace
Our low-NOx energy-saving regenerative burners, tested for performance at Baosteel's laboratory and deployed in heating furnace projects, can effectively control nitrogen oxide emissions within 100 mg/Nm3 based on varying project conditions.
For Sulfides Treatment
--Source Desulfurization
Treating blast furnace gas at the source involves converting organic sulfur into inorganic sulfur through hydrolysis, followed by removal, a technology route recommended and encouraged by national and provincial environmental policies.
--Flue Gas Treatment
When source desulfurization is impractical, flue gas desulfurization can be applied using dry, semi-dry, or wet processes.
Integrated Treatment of Heating Furnace Flue Gas:
In cases where source desulfurization of blast furnace gas is not feasible, and local environmental regulations mandate simultaneous treatment of ammonia, dust, and particulate matter emissions, a comprehensive approach can be adopted.
Process Principle Explanation
SDS dry desulfurization spray injection technology involves evenly injecting highly efficient desulfurizing agents into pipelines. These agents are thermally activated within the pipeline, rapidly increasing their surface area. They fully contact with acidic flue gas, undergoing physical and chemical reactions to absorb and purify acidic substances like SO2.
The primary completed chemical reactions are:
2NaHCO3 + SO2 + 1/2 → Na2SO4 + 2CO2 + H2O
2NaHCO3 + SO3 → Na2SO4 + 2CO2 + H2O
Key equipment includes GGH heat exchangers, flue gas heating systems, mills, SDS reactors, SDS injection systems, and bag filters.
Sodium-based desulfurization and dedusting technology mainly consist of flue gas systems, desulfurizing agent powdering systems, sodium-based desulfurization reaction systems, bag filter systems, by-product treatment systems, and electrical and instrument systems.
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification uses ammonia water (~20% concentration) as a reducing agent. NOx in the flue gas reacts with ammonia under catalyst action (1-1), (1-2), and (1-3), ultimately emitting as N2:
4NO + 4NH3 + O2 → 4N2 + 6H2O (1-1)
NO + NO2 + 2NH3 → 3H2O + 2N2 (1-2)
6NO + 4NH3 → 5N2 + 6H2O (1-3)
Case Studies and Emission Metrics
Process Principle Description
Desulfurization adopts fixed-bed dry desulfurization technology, using a desulfurizer to catalytically oxidize sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the flue gas to sulfur trioxide (SO3), which is then absorbed by calcium hydroxide to form calcium sulfate:
SO2 + 1/2 O2 → SO3
SO3 + Ca(OH)2 → CaSO4 + H2O
The process employs a fixed-bed-like technology, where alkaline substances (such as lime, sodium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, etc.) and catalyst-formed granules are packed into the desulfurization reactor. After passing through the flue gas, sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide and solidified into calcium sulfate (gypsum) through reaction.
Denitrification uses Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology, with ammonia solution (~20% concentration) as the reducing agent. In the presence of the catalyst, NOx in the flue gas reacts with ammonia as shown in (1-1), (1-2), and (1-3), ultimately emitting NOx in the form of N2:
4NO + 4NH3 + O2 → 4N2 + 6H2O (1-1)
NO + NO2 + 2NH3 → 3H2O + 2N2 (1-2)
6NO + 4NH3 → 5N2 + 6H2O (1-3)
Performance Cases and Emission Indicators
Fixed Bed Desulfurization
The desulfurization system for the heating furnace of Shanxi Xinghua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. was constructed by Shanghai Xuanding Metallurgical Technology Group Co., Ltd. The heating furnace has a capacity of 120T/H and employs dual regenerative combustion technology with blast furnace gas. It utilizes fixed-bed dry desulfurization technology, with separate desulfurization systems for flue gas and coal smoke. The system includes fixed-bed desulfurization towers, valves, pipelines, additional exhaust fans, and electrical automation systems. The project was signed on August 25, 2021, and was put into operation in early November 2021.
Fixed Bed Denitrification
With increasingly stringent national environmental requirements, nitrogen oxide emission standards are continuously adjusted. The nitrogen oxide emission indicators of this heating furnace are unstable. Under normal conditions, nitrogen oxides are within 100 mg/m³. During full-load production, they are around 200 mg/m³, and sometimes can reach around 300 mg/m³. Therefore, it is necessary to build a denitrification system to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions and meet environmental standards.
During the design of the fixed bed desulfurization system for this project, the internal structure of the desulfurization tower was designed with future provisions for denitrification functionality. As a result, the system has been enhanced with denitrification capabilities. This enhancement only requires the addition of denitrification agents inside the existing desulfurization tower, without the need for new equipment or modifications to the system.
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